The Journal

HRT & Menopause

Hormone therapy for menopause and perimenopause, the timing that determines its safety, the route that changes the risk, and everything that keeps changing after the hot flashes stop.

Hormone therapy for menopause has one of the most misunderstood safety records in medicine, largely because the early evidence that shaped public fear has since been reinterpreted. Here we set out what the current evidence actually shows, why timing changes the entire risk picture, how to recognize perimenopause before it disrupts years of your life, and what happens to bone, muscle and visceral fat once the obvious symptoms have settled. Read them in order or start wherever your question is.

Hormone Health HRT for menopause: how safe and effective is it
6 Min Read

HRT for Menopause: How Safe and Effective Is It?

What the evidence says about your symptoms, heart, bones, and breast cancer risk, and why timing matters so much.

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Women's Health Specialist perimenopause and menopause care in Marbella
5 Min Read

Perimenopause: The Years Nobody Warns You About

It can start years before your periods stop, and it is where most of the disruption happens. The symptoms, and how to get help early.

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Hormone Health A doctor explaining treatment options across a desk
7 Min Read

Patch or Pill: Why the Route Changes the Risk

The same hormone through the skin and through the stomach are not the same treatment. Most women are never told this decision was made.

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Hormone Health An Andalusian bedroom at first light, the sheets thrown back after a broken night
8 Min Read

When You Cannot Take Estrogen

A new class of drug now cuts hot flashes without touching a hormone. And a long list of pharmacy remedies does nothing at all.

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Women's Health A couple walking a coastal path together at sunset on the Costa del Sol
8 Min Read

The Symptom Half of Women Have and Almost Nobody Mentions

Dryness, painful sex, bladder infections that keep returning. Unlike hot flashes, it does not go away by waiting.

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Hormone Health Woman at a window in reflective light, considering hormone treatment options
7 Min Read

Testosterone in Women: The Hormone That Is Rarely Replaced

Your ovaries keep making it long after they stop making estrogen. What the evidence supports, and what it does not.

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Hormone Health Old stone steps rising into evening light in an Andalusian village
7 Min Read

The Bone Window: What Menopause Takes Before You Notice

The fastest bone loss of your life happens before anyone offers you a scan.

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Hormone Health An old mechanical scale alone in a dim room, its dial turned away
7 Min Read

What Menopause Does to Muscle and Visceral Fat

The weight barely changes. The shape does, and so does the metabolism underneath it.

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